Food Archives - hub cloud - All News updates https://hubcloud.com.au/category/lifestyle/food/ so you don't miss any movement. Service and product launches, event news, environment, nature, politics, society, health Tue, 14 May 2024 09:06:13 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.6.2 https://hubcloud.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/cropped-favicon-32x32.png Food Archives - hub cloud - All News updates https://hubcloud.com.au/category/lifestyle/food/ 32 32 Is it good to have green tea before bed? How many times must I drink green tea a day? Can I drink green tea on empty stomach? https://hubcloud.com.au/is-it-good-to-have-green-tea-before-bed-can-i-drink-with-empty-stomach/ Tue, 14 May 2024 09:06:11 +0000 https://hubcloud.com.au/?p=4618 Is it good to have green tea before bed?How many times must I drink green tea a day?Can I drink green tea on empty stomach?

The post Is it good to have green tea before bed? How many times must I drink green tea a day? Can I drink green tea on empty stomach? appeared first on hub cloud - All News updates .

]]>
Curious about green tea’s impact on your health? Whether it’s before bedtime or on an empty stomach, finding the right balance is key. Let’s explore the benefits and considerations for incorporating green tea into your daily routine.

green tea bed

Is it good to have green tea before bed?

Is it beneficial to drink green tea before bedtime? Many people wonder about this, as green tea is known for its various health benefits. The answer depends on individual preferences and sensitivities.

Green tea contains caffeine, a natural stimulant that can affect sleep. However, the caffeine content in green tea is generally lower than that in coffee. If you’re sensitive to caffeine, it’s advisable to limit its intake, especially in the evening.

On the positive side, green tea contains L-theanine, an amino acid that has a calming effect. This can counteract the stimulating effects of caffeine, potentially promoting relaxation and better sleep. The combination of caffeine and L-theanine in green tea is believed to provide a more balanced and gentle energy boost compared to other caffeinated beverages.

Timing matters when it comes to consuming green tea before bed. It’s recommended to have it at least a few hours before bedtime to allow your body to metabolize the caffeine. Opting for decaffeinated green tea is another solution if you want to avoid caffeine altogether.

Additionally, green tea offers antioxidants called catechins, which have various health benefits. These antioxidants may contribute to overall well-being, supporting your body’s defenses against oxidative stress.

In summary, having green tea before bed can be beneficial for some, thanks to its unique combination of caffeine and L-theanine. However, individuals sensitive to caffeine should be mindful of their intake, considering either choosing decaffeinated green tea or enjoying it earlier in the day. The antioxidants in green tea can also contribute to your overall health. As with any dietary choice, it’s essential to listen to your body and adjust your habits based on how they impact your sleep and well-being.

Is it good to have green tea before bed

How many times must I drink green tea a day?

How often should you drink green tea each day? The ideal frequency varies based on individual preferences and health goals. Generally, consuming two to three cups a day is considered a reasonable and beneficial amount.

Green tea is rich in antioxidants, particularly catechins, which offer various health advantages. Regular consumption may support heart health, boost metabolism, and enhance overall well-being. However, it’s crucial to balance the benefits with potential drawbacks.

While green tea provides health benefits, it also contains caffeine, a natural stimulant. Excessive caffeine intake can lead to issues like insomnia, jitteriness, or increased heart rate. Therefore, it’s advisable to moderate your daily consumption and consider factors like sensitivity to caffeine and overall health.

It’s essential to listen to your body and adjust your green tea intake accordingly. If you’re sensitive to caffeine, you might prefer a lower daily consumption or opt for decaffeinated versions. Conversely, if you tolerate caffeine well, enjoying a few cups spread throughout the day can be a healthy habit.

Ultimately, the key is moderation and finding what works best for your individual needs and preferences. Pay attention to how your body responds to different amounts and adjust accordingly. A balanced approach to green tea consumption can provide the benefits of antioxidants without the potential drawbacks of excessive caffeine.

Can I drink green tea on empty stomach?

Can I drink green tea on empty stomach?

Certainly! Consuming green tea on an empty stomach is generally safe for many people. Green tea offers numerous health benefits, including antioxidants known as catechins, which can support overall well-being.

However, it’s important to consider individual factors. For some, drinking green tea on an empty stomach may cause mild stomach discomfort due to its potential acidity. If you have a sensitive stomach or experience digestive issues, you might find it helpful to have green tea with a meal.

Green tea contains caffeine, a natural stimulant, which can affect some individuals more strongly on an empty stomach. If you’re sensitive to caffeine, consider having a snack or waiting until after a meal to enjoy your green tea.

On the positive side, drinking green tea on an empty stomach may boost metabolism and provide a gentle energy lift. This can be beneficial for those looking to enhance their morning alertness. The combination of caffeine and L-theanine in green tea is believed to offer a more balanced and milder energy boost compared to other caffeinated beverages.

To maximize the benefits of green tea on an empty stomach, consider choosing a high-quality, loose-leaf green tea. This ensures you get the full spectrum of antioxidants and flavors without any added ingredients.

If you have concerns about caffeine, opt for decaffeinated green tea, which retains many of the health benefits without the stimulating effects. Additionally, spacing out green tea consumption throughout the day can help manage caffeine intake and avoid potential side effects.

Is it good to have green tea before bed

Conclusion:

In the quest for a healthier lifestyle, moderate green tea consumption can be a positive choice. Whether for its antioxidants, metabolism boost, or calming effects, the key is understanding your body’s signals. So, sip mindfully and enjoy the well-being green tea can bring to your daily life.

The post Is it good to have green tea before bed? How many times must I drink green tea a day? Can I drink green tea on empty stomach? appeared first on hub cloud - All News updates .

]]>
4618
What is the most expensive dish in China? What are spicy Chinese foods? What are Chinese hot foods? https://hubcloud.com.au/what-is-the-most-expensive-dish-in-china-what-are-spicy-chinese-foods-what-are-chinese-hot-foods/ Tue, 09 Jan 2024 00:59:37 +0000 https://hubcloud.com.au/?p=4637 China’s culinary landscape is a tapestry of diverse flavors, from opulent delicacies to fiery sensations. Among these, one standout is renowned for its extravagant price tag – Bird’s Nest Soup. Meanwhile, the realm of spicy Chinese foods and hot dishes adds a thrilling dimension to the country’s gastronomic panorama.What is the most expensive dish in […]

The post What is the most expensive dish in China? What are spicy Chinese foods? What are Chinese hot foods? appeared first on hub cloud - All News updates .

]]>
China’s culinary landscape is a tapestry of diverse flavors, from opulent delicacies to fiery sensations. Among these, one standout is renowned for its extravagant price tag – Bird’s Nest Soup. Meanwhile, the realm of spicy Chinese foods and hot dishes adds a thrilling dimension to the country’s gastronomic panorama.What is the most expensive dish in China? spicy food?, hot foods? Hot pot, Kung Pao Chicken, Chongqing Hot Chicken

What is the most expensive dish in China?

spicy food?, hot foods? Hot pot, Kung Pao Chicken, Chongqing Hot Chicken
traditional asian dish dim sum with soy sauce

In China, the most expensive dish is often associated with a rare and highly sought-after delicacy called Bird’s Nest Soup. This luxurious culinary creation is crafted from the nests of swiftlets, a type of bird found in Southeast Asia. These nests are meticulously built using the bird’s saliva, resulting in a gelatinous texture.

High in demand due to its perceived health benefits and rarity, Bird’s Nest Soup has earned its reputation as a symbol of prestige and opulence in Chinese cuisine. The harvesting process is challenging and labor-intensive, contributing to its exorbitant price.

Prized for its supposed nutritional value and collagen content, Bird’s Nest Soup is believed to promote skin health and boost the immune system. Despite its steep cost, this dish remains a coveted indulgence for those who can afford it.

The intricate and time-consuming process of collecting the swiftlet nests adds to the dish’s exclusivity. Harvesters must navigate treacherous caves or cliffs to access the nests, a task that requires both skill and courage. The delicate and meticulous cleaning of the nests further emphasizes the craftsmanship involved in preparing this luxurious soup.

Beyond its nutritional qualities, the rarity of Bird’s Nest Soup contributes significantly to its high price tag. The limited availability of the swiftlet nests, combined with the risks and challenges associated with their collection, creates a niche market for this delicacy.

In Chinese culture, the consumption of Bird’s Nest Soup is often associated with celebrations and special occasions. Its presence on a menu signifies a commitment to providing the finest and most extravagant dining experience. Many consider it a status symbol, reflecting prosperity and affluence.

Despite the hefty price, enthusiasts and connoisseurs continue to indulge in Bird’s Nest Soup, viewing it as a unique and unparalleled gastronomic experience. Its significance extends beyond mere sustenance, embodying a blend of tradition, craftsmanship, and the pursuit of culinary excellence.

In conclusion, the most expensive dish in China is the esteemed Bird’s Nest Soup, celebrated for its rarity, labor-intensive production, and perceived health benefits. This luxurious delicacy stands as a symbol of prestige in Chinese cuisine, capturing the essence of opulence and culinary refinement.

What are spicy Chinese foods?

Hot pot, Kung Pao Chicken, Chongqing Hot Chicken
Stir fry noodles with chicken slices, red paprika, mushrooms, chives, soy sauce and sesame seeds in ceramic bowl. Asian cuisine dish. White table background, top view

Spicy Chinese foods are renowned for their bold flavors and fiery kick. Chili peppers, a staple ingredient, are used generously to create dishes that cater to those with a penchant for heat. Szechuan cuisine, originating from the Sichuan province, is particularly famous for its intense spiciness.

One iconic spicy dish is Mapo Tofu, featuring tofu cubes bathed in a spicy, numbing sauce made with chili bean paste and Szechuan peppercorns. The combination of heat and numbing sensation makes it a flavorful experience.

Hot Pot is another beloved choice, allowing diners to cook an assortment of ingredients like meats, vegetables, and noodles in a communal pot of simmering, spicy food?, hot foods? spicy broth. Variations exist, with different regions putting their unique spin on the dish.

Kung Pao Chicken, hailing from the Szechuan province, features tender chicken, peanuts, and vegetables tossed in a spicy, sweet, and tangy sauce. The inclusion of dried red chilies elevates the heat level, providing a memorable taste.

Chongqing Hot Chicken is a spicy fried chicken dish originating from Chongqing, known for its fiery red appearance due to the abundant use of dried red chilies. The crispy exterior and spicy coating make it a popular choice among spice enthusiasts.

Spicy Sichuan Noodles are a simple yet satisfying option, featuring noodles drenched in a spicy sauce made with chili oil, soy sauce, and Szechuan peppercorns. It’s a quick and flavorful dish that highlights the region’s love for bold flavors.

Dandan Noodles, originating from Sichuan, consist of noodles topped with a spicy, savory sauce, minced meat, and green onions. The combination of textures and flavors makes it a well-loved street food option.

Cumin Lamb, a dish from Xinjiang cuisine, features succulent lamb seasoned with cumin and other spices. The bold flavors and fiery kick make it a favorite among those seeking a spicy culinary adventure.

Ma La Xiang Guo, a dish translated as “spicy numbing stir-fry,” allows diners to customize their meal by choosing from an array of ingredients like meats, vegetables, and tofu, which are then stir-fried in a spicy and numbing sauce.

Spicy Chinese foods cater to a range of spice preferences, from mildly hot to intensely fiery. These dishes showcase the diverse regional influences within Chinese cuisine, each contributing its unique twist to the world of spicy flavors. Whether it’s the numbing heat of Szechuan peppercorns or the fiery kick of chili peppers, spicy Chinese foods offer a vibrant and exhilarating culinary experience.

What are Chinese hot foods?

Kung Pao Chicken, Chongqing Hot Chicken
spicy chicken feet recipe in ho thi ky street, ho chi minh city, vietnam

Chinese hot foods are known for their bold flavors and spicy kick, often incorporating chili peppers for that fiery taste. Szechuan cuisine, originating from the Sichuan province, is particularly famous for its intense spiciness.

One popular spicy dish is Mapo Tofu, featuring tofu cubes in a spicy, numbing sauce made with chili bean paste and Szechuan peppercorns, providing a unique and flavorful experience.

Hot Pot is another beloved choice, allowing diners to cook meats, vegetables, and noodles in a communal pot of simmering, spicy broth. Different regions put their spin on this dish, adding diverse elements to the overall flavor.

Kung Pao Chicken, from Szechuan, includes chicken, peanuts, and vegetables in a spicy, sweet, and tangy sauce. Dried red chilies elevate the heat level, delivering a memorable taste.

Chongqing Hot Chicken, originating from Chongqing, is known for its fiery red appearance due to the abundant use of dried red chilies. The crispy exterior and spicy coating make it a popular choice among spice enthusiasts.

Spicy Sichuan Noodles feature noodles in a sauce made with chili oil, soy sauce, and Szechuan peppercorns. It’s a quick and flavorful dish that highlights the region’s love for bold flavors.

Dandan Noodles, from Sichuan, consist of noodles topped with a spicy, savory sauce, minced meat, and green onions, offering a delicious street food option.

Cumin Lamb, from Xinjiang cuisine, features succulent lamb seasoned with cumin and other spices, providing bold flavors and a fiery kick.

Ma La Xiang Guo, translated as “spicy numbing stir-fry,” lets diners customize their meal with meats, vegetables, and tofu, stir-fried in a spicy and numbing sauce.

Chinese hot foods cater to various spice preferences, offering dishes with mild heat to intense spiciness. These dishes showcase diverse regional influences, each contributing a unique twist to the world of spicy flavors. Whether it’s the numbing heat of Szechuan peppercorns or the fiery kick of chili peppers, Chinese hot foods promise a vibrant and exhilarating culinary experience.

Conclusion:

In the heart of China’s culinary offerings lies the exclusivity of Bird’s Nest Soup, a symbol of prestige and culinary finesse. On the other end of the spectrum, the spice-laden realms of Szechuan and beyond paint a vivid picture of bold flavors and intense culinary experiences. Together, these elements encapsulate the rich tapestry of China’s most expensive, spicy, and hot dishes, offering a journey through luxury and spice in every bite.

The post What is the most expensive dish in China? What are spicy Chinese foods? What are Chinese hot foods? appeared first on hub cloud - All News updates .

]]>
4637
How big is the catering industry in Australia? How many catering businesses are there? How do I start a catering business from home? https://hubcloud.com.au/catering-industry-in-australia-big-tart-a-business-from-home/ Tue, 04 Jul 2023 02:50:44 +0000 https://hubcloud.com.au/?p=4505 Food plays such a major role in our lives far beyond the biological necessity of getting the sustenance you need. From weddings to birthdays, baby showers to family reunions, there is no shortage of events in your life and they all require food to be prepared, cooked and served. Catering companies are there to provide […]

The post How big is the catering industry in Australia? How many catering businesses are there? How do I start a catering business from home? appeared first on hub cloud - All News updates .

]]>
Food plays such a major role in our lives far beyond the biological necessity of getting the sustenance you need. From weddings to birthdays, baby showers to family reunions, there is no shortage of events in your life and they all require food to be prepared, cooked and served. Catering companies are there to provide the delicacies and dining options of your dreams. 

But just how many catering companies are there in Australia and how easy is it to start a business of your own? Read on to learn more about the catering industry in Australia, and to discover if starting your own catering company is the right career move for you to make today…

How big is the catering industry in Australia? 

Along with restaurants and cafes, catering is a huge industry in Australia. The restaurant, cafe and catering sector is a multi-billion dollar industry. And one with huge numbers of employees working and earning money through food service. 

Corporate catering alone is an over AU $4 billion market, and that is without including the personal catering that is also incredibly popular here. Caterers and chefs are in high demand, with international chefs being encouraged to make the move and enjoy the thriving job market for themselves.

Personal chefs like Thomas Johns from Dining Abode are moving into the catering market, offering unparalleled cuisine at fantastic prices for you to enjoy. Whether you are celebrating a wedding, hosting an event or simply wishing for an exquisite personal dining experience. You can find it all in Australia’s catering industry.

How many catering businesses are there in Australia?

All told, there are well over 6000 catering businesses in Australia employing almost 80,000 people. There are several major catering companies that do a larger share of the work all the way down to small business start-ups that are just breaking into the industry. Or those that simply prefer to handle all of the work themselves.

Catering is a complex, exhausting and difficult business to be in, so many companies aim to do smaller scale manageable jobs working for themselves or with just a small team. Others employ large amounts of people to work on huge events that may have thousands of attendees. No matter the kind of event you are throwing or the caterer you want, you can find it in Australia.

How do I start a catering business from home in Australia?

Starting a catering business in Australia isn’t as simple as being good at cooking and deciding to try and make a living out of it. You need to understand the industry, and have all the right equipment, starting capital and the will and drive to make it work. Even then, there are certainly no guarantees. 

Around 20% of small businesses fail in their first year in Australia including those in the catering sector, but if you do think you have what it takes, here are a few of the first steps to get you started:

  • Research the market – knowledge is power, and the more you know about the market the better. You should consider who your target customer is, where they are and what they want. You should check for gaps in the market, especially in your local area, to see where you might fit in among the other, more established catering companies.
  • Create a business plan – now you know the market, it is time to consider your specific goals, what you want to achieve and how you will get there. 
  • Get all the necessary licences, permits and qualifications – in Australia depending on where you live there are certain permits that you may have to obtain before starting your catering business. You must meet food safety standards and the requirements of the Food Act as well as get any other permits and licences. 
  • Secure somewhere to operate from – certain places don’t allow you to operate out of your home kitchen so you may need to find a premises. Some commercial kitchens allow you to rent for a few hours or days, so check out what you can find and what you are allowed to do in your area.
  • You will need to register your business as a LLC – or similar again depending on where you are and what your goals are.
  • Equip your kitchen – catering takes a large amount of equipment some of which is specialised, that you will need to buy. You will also need the necessary equipment to meet your food safety standards such as colour-coded chopping boards and a clearly organised and correct temperature fridge.
  • Create a menu – you should have already decided the kind of food your target audience may prefer or the niche that you are slotting into. Now it is time to create a menu ready to show people what you have got.
  • Get marketing – it is tricky when you start a new business. No one knows that you exist, what you do or why they should choose you over your competitors. You need to show them a targeted and comprehensive marketing strategy that lets you reach your ideal customer.

To be a successful caterer you need to have a passion for food, a strong work ethic, great communication skills, the money to get set up and then a whole lot of luck. Even fantastic, original catering companies that produce delicious food fail. Whether because they can’t find a big enough customer base, can’t make enough profit or just decide to pack it in.

In such a competitive industry that requires so much hard work, you should really take the time to think about whether a business in catering is really for you. With so many incredible catering companies already out there, there is no wonder why so many people are happy to stick with places like Dining Abode for their catering needs.

Final thoughts

Catering is indeed a big business in Australia, producing billions in revenue and employing large numbers of people all over the country. If you want to start your own catering company, make sure that you have really thought through your business plan. And that you understand all you need to know and have before you get started.

For those looking to enjoy the fruits of catering companies’ labour in Australia, be sure to check out some of the incredible options that chefs and caterers are producing in this country today.

The post How big is the catering industry in Australia? How many catering businesses are there? How do I start a catering business from home? appeared first on hub cloud - All News updates .

]]>
4505
Gum tree facts: What is a Gum tree in Australia? Is it the same as Eucalyptus? Why do they call it a Gum tree? https://hubcloud.com.au/gum-tree-facts-same-as-eucalyptus-why-do-they-call-it-a-gum-tree/ Fri, 19 May 2023 01:45:56 +0000 https://hubcloud.com.au/?p=4479 Australia is iconic for its stunning and varied flora. From its sparse desert plants to its lush tropical rainforests, Australia really has it all. It is unsurprising that the country’s flora attracts so much interest, and has spurred more than a few people to visit to see some of the incredible plants here for themselves. […]

The post Gum tree facts: What is a Gum tree in Australia? Is it the same as Eucalyptus? Why do they call it a Gum tree? appeared first on hub cloud - All News updates .

]]>
Australia is iconic for its stunning and varied flora. From its sparse desert plants to its lush tropical rainforests, Australia really has it all. It is unsurprising that the country’s flora attracts so much interest, and has spurred more than a few people to visit to see some of the incredible plants here for themselves.

One of the most defining of these plants is the gum tree, but what actually are these trees and do they bear any relation to the Eucalyptus and gum trees around the world? Read on to discover all about this majestic tree with a few fun facts to finish off.

What is a Gum tree in Australia? Is a Gum tree the same as Eucalyptus?

Many people use the names gum tree and Eucalyptus synonymously, but are they actually the same? In Australia, gum trees are almost always Eucalyptus trees, but they don’t have to be. To put it another way, all Eucalyptus trees are gum trees, but not all gum trees are Eucalyptus.

Australia has a huge amount of gum trees, indeed they are one of the most populous trees with a huge number of species with both similar and different qualities. You can find these trees pretty much everywhere in Australia apart from the very driest deserts in various forms and types.

In Australia, many use the words Eucalyptus and gum tree interchangeably, understandable as the most common species of gum tree are Eucalypts in this country. However, there are actually 3 different types that make up gum trees: Eucalyptus, Angophora and Corymbia.

While the latter were often grouped in with Eucalyptus trees as late as the 1900s and onwards, such trees as the Lemon-scented Gum and the Spotted Gum are given the designation of Corymbia over Eucalyptus.

Sydney Red Gum, on the other hand, bears the name Angophora Costata rather than being designated a Eucalyptus. You can see once again that while most gum trees in Australia are Eucalyptus trees, this is not the case for every one of them. Therefore, it is better to stick to the general term of gum tree and then look at them species by species taking into account their differences in both look and maintenance needs.

If you are unsure of the tree that you have in your garden, which tree you would most like, or how to care for it, you should consult a tree service professional. They can give you advice and information on these wonderful plants and address any concerns that you might have quickly and efficiently.

Why do they call it a Gum tree?

Gum trees do have one thing in common – their name. They get their name from a gum-like sap called kino. Any time their trunks are damaged they ooze a thick substance that resembles gum, though it is not edible and can indeed be toxic in some forms of gum tree.

This sticky substance is what unites gum trees all over the world under the same general name. Though most are found in Australia with the most common being the Eucalyptus, you can find gum trees in other parts of the world that exude this gummy sap. As far away as North America you can find trees with this distinctive trait. They, therefore, share the name of a gum tree.

10 Fun Gum tree facts:

If you are interested in Australian plants or those anywhere in the world around you, gum trees stick out as being of particular interest to many. Here are a few top facts about gum trees that any tree-lover would find fun, or at least fascinating to a degree.

  1. Many species of gum tree can grow upwards of 12 feet per year – this makes them a tree of choice for furniture makers and builders alike, who can quickly produce the wood they need and get fantastic quality results fast.
  2. Gum trees are the preferred food of Koala Bears Koalas commonly eat between 400-500g of gum tree leaves each day as they nap their time away in these impressive trees. While they do not only eat from gum trees, they certainly rely on them for food the majority of the time.
  3. The Silver Dollar Tree is used in art – this distinctive and beautiful species of gum tree is beloved by floral artists and photographers alike.
  4. You can use these trees to drain swamps – certain gum trees suck up huge amounts of water through their large root mass. This has been used to impressive effect, draining swamps to reduce mosquitos and therefore the risk of Malaria. Very cool.
  5. They act as natural insecticides – beyond the above impact they can have, certain gum trees actually repel insects due to their unique scent. Far preferable than spending huge amounts on synthetic repellents, you can plant a few of these trees and enjoy the smell and the view outside. All without risking as many annoying or harmful insects.
  6. Eucalyptus oil can be used to treat colds – around two thirds of the Eucalyptus trees in the world produce the right kind of oil which can be used to relieve congestion. Remember that you should not ingest this oil, but rather inhale water vapour with a few drops to see the effects.
  7. Eucalyptus oil can be good for your teeth – no, we don’t mean you should directly apply this to your teeth as it is toxic in the wrong form. It does however contain Cineole, which is used by dental specialists to create remedies and toothpaste.
  8. You can create wonderful perfumes from gum trees – many gum trees can have delicious-smelling aromas that make their oils a popular ingredient in perfumes and air fresheners.
  9. Gum trees can grow to impressive heights – while there are a variety of sizes of gum trees among its many species, certain types can grow upwards of 160 metres making them impressively huge indeed.
  10. Gum trees have a consistent grain – another reason these trees are so popular with furniture makers is their consistent grain. They make for very aesthetically pleasing furniture.

Final thoughts

Now that you know a little more about gum trees and their most common branch in Australia, Eucalyptus trees, you can see why they are so interesting and popular. Whether you are looking for a tree merely for its beauty, to deter insects, enjoy the shade or entice a Koala into your garden, there is a type of gum tree for you.

The post Gum tree facts: What is a Gum tree in Australia? Is it the same as Eucalyptus? Why do they call it a Gum tree? appeared first on hub cloud - All News updates .

]]>
4479